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The one who belongs listens and responds to Yehovah's words. If you don't listen and respond,
it is because you don't belong to Yehovah." John 8:47
Passover
Passover (Pesach) is one of the most biblically mandated Jewish holidays, with several core observances explicitly required by God in the Torah (primarily in Exodus 12–13, Leviticus 23, Numbers 9, and Deuteronomy 16). These are considered divine commandments (mitzvot) rather than later rabbinic customs.
Here are the main ones that are directly commanded in the Torah:
Remove all leaven (chametz) from your home — On the first day (and for the full seven days), you must eliminate yeast/leavened products entirely. Eating leavened bread during the seven days is forbidden, with severe penalties mentioned (e.g., being "cut off" from the people). (Exodus 12:15–20; 13:7)
Eat unleavened bread (matzah) — For seven days, eat only matzah. Specifically, there is a positive commandment to eat matzah on the first night of Passover. (Exodus 12:15, 18, 20; Deuteronomy 16:3, 8)
Observe the festival for seven days — The first and seventh days (in the Diaspora, first, second, seventh, and eighth) are holy convocations with no work allowed (except food preparation). (Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 23:6–8)
Tell the story of the Exodus — You must recount the events of the deliverance from Egypt to your children on that night. This is the basis for the Haggadah's storytelling. (Exodus 12:26–27; 13:8, 14; Deuteronomy 6:20–25)
Eat bitter herbs (maror) — In the original biblical command, this was part of the Passover meal with the sacrificial lamb. (Exodus 12:8)
The Passover sacrifice (Korban Pesach) — In Temple times, a lamb or goat was sacrificed on the 14th of Nisan at twilight, eaten roasted that night with matzah and bitter herbs, with strict rules (no bones broken, not taken outside the house, etc.). This is central in Exodus 12 but cannot be performed today without the Temple. (Exodus 12:3–11, 21–27; Numbers 9:1–14)
Other elements like the four cups of wine, the Seder plate's full setup (karpas, charoset, etc.), reclining, or specific Haggadah readings are important Jewish customs (minhagim) developed over centuries in rabbinic tradition to fulfill or enhance the biblical commands—but they are not explicitly required in the Torah itself.
The holiday commemorates the Exodus from Egypt, the "passing over" of Israelite homes during the tenth plague, and freedom from slavery. Observance is an eternal statute commanded by God (Exodus 12:14, 17, 24).
In modern practice (without the Temple), the focus is on matzah, maror, removing chametz, the Seder retelling, and resting on the holy days. Many Jews today emphasize these biblical requirements while incorporating rich traditional customs.
If you're asking in the context of observance, preparation, or a specific aspect (like for a home Seder), let me know for more details!
Must watch Monti Judah Passover
The Passover Seder
Passover (Pesach) is one of the most biblically mandated Jewish holidays, with several core observances explicitly required by God in the Torah (primarily in Exodus 12–13, Leviticus 23, Numbers 9, and Deuteronomy 16). These are considered divine commandments (mitzvot) rather than later rabbinic customs.
Here are the main ones that are directly commanded in the Torah:
1. Remove all leaven (chametz) from your home
—On the first day (and for the full seven days), you must eliminate yeast/leavened products entirely. Eating leavened bread during the seven days is forbidden, with severe penalties mentioned (e.g., being "cut off" from the people). (Exodus 12:15–20; 13:7)
2.Eat unleavened bread (matzah)
— For seven days, eat only matzah. Specifically, there is a positive commandment to eat matzah on the first night of Passover. (Exodus 12:15, 18, 20; Deuteronomy 16:3, 8)
3.Observe the festival for seven days
— The first and seventh days (in the Diaspora, first, second, seventh, and eighth) are holy convocations with no work allowed (except food preparation). (Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 23:6–8)
4.Tell the story of the Exodus
— You must recount the events of the deliverance from Egypt to your children on that night. This is the basis for the Haggadah's storytelling. (Exodus 12:26–27; 13:8, 14; Deuteronomy 6:20–25)
5. Eat bitter herbs (maror) — In the original biblical command, this was part of the Passover meal with the sacrificial lamb. (Exodus 12:8)
6.The Passover sacrifice (Korban Pesach)
— In Temple times, a lamb or goat was sacrificed on the 14th of Nisan at twilight, eaten roasted that night with matzah and bitter herbs, with strict rules (no bones broken, not taken outside the house, etc.). This is central in Exodus 12 but cannot be performed today without the Temple. (Exodus 12:3–11, 21–27; Numbers 9:1–14)
Other elements like the four cups of wine, the Seder plate's full setup (karpas, charoset, etc.), reclining, or specific Haggadah readings are important Jewish customs (minhagim) developed over centuries in rabbinic tradition to fulfill or enhance the biblical commands
—but they are not explicitly required in the Torah itself.
The holiday commemorates the Exodus from Egypt, the "passing over" of Israelite homes during the tenth plague, and freedom from slavery. Observance is an eternal statute commanded by God (Exodus 12:14, 17, 24).
In modern practice (without the Temple), the focus is on matzah, maror, removing chametz, the Seder retelling, and resting on the holy days. Many Jews today emphasize these biblical requirements while incorporating rich traditional customs.
סֵדֶר, meaning "order" in Hebrew) is the central ritual of Passover (Pesach). It's a festive, interactive family meal held on the first night (or first two nights outside Israel) of the holiday. The purpose is to fulfill the biblical commandment to tell the story of the Exodus from Egypt to your children and household (Exodus 13:8), reliving the journey from slavery to freedom as if we ourselves were liberated.
The Seder follows a structured order laid out in the Haggadah (the special book used for the evening), which includes prayers, blessings, songs, symbolic foods, discussions, and the retelling of the Exodus story. It typically lasts 2–4 hours (or longer in some homes), blending serious reflection, joy, food, wine, and family participation.
Key Elements on the Table
Before diving into the steps, here's what you usually see:
Seder plate (with symbolic items):
Maror (bitter herbs, like horseradish) → bitterness of slavery
Chazeret (another bitter vegetable, often romaine lettuce)
Zeroa (shank bone or roasted chicken neck) → Passover sacrifice
Beitzah (roasted egg) → mourning for the Temple / new life
Karpas (green vegetable, like parsley or celery) → spring/renewal
Charoset (sweet mixture of apples, nuts, wine) → mortar used by slaves
Matzah (three or more unleavened breads, often in a cover)
Salt water (for dipping karpas, symbolizing tears of slavery)
Four cups of wine (or grape juice) → represent four expressions of redemption
Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and select lambs for yourselves according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. 24You shall observe this rite as a statute for you and for your sons forever. 25And when you come to the land that the Lord will give you, as he has promised, you shall keep this service. 26And when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27you shall say, ‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord’s Passover, for he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but spared our houses.’” And the people bowed their heads and worshiped.
28Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
29At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock. 30And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead. 31Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go out from among my people, both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as you have said. 32Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone, and bless me also!”
The Exodus
33The Egyptians were urgent with the people to send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders. 35The people of Israel had also done as Moses told them, for they had asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing. 36And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
37And the people of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. 38A mixed multitude also went up with them, and very much livestock, both flocks and herds. 39And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
40The time that the people of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years. 41At the end of 430 years, on that very day, all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. 42It was a night of watching by the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a night of watching kept to the Lord by all the people of Israel throughout their generations.
Institution of the Passover
43And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it, 44but every slaveb that is bought for money may eat of it after you have circumcised him. 45No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it. 46It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones. 47All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48If a stranger shall sojourn with you and would keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he shall be as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. 49There shall be one law for the native and for the stranger who sojourns among you.”
50All the people of Israel did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. 51And on that very day the Lord brought the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts.